Université du Burundi (UB)

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    La cafétaria diététique (Association pour le Développement de la Médecine Naturelle) et la Coopérative Diététique "Abarindiriye» : La Médecine Traditionnelle en résilience.
    (UB, FLSH, 2025-12) Niyonkuru, Emile; Sous la direction de : Dre. Christella Kwizera
    This study analyzes the factors behind the resilience of traditional medicine. It highlights its contributions in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Individual and collective efforts are currently working to preserve knowledge and practices related to traditional medicine. Natural medicine is valued for its healing principles, affordability, and lack of side effects compared to modern medicine. The study also explores anthropological and sociological aspects of disease and health—areas such as medical anthropology and ethnomedicine—emphasizing that understanding illness requires insights into broader social and cultural perceptions (like how illness and health are viewed as social constructs). These elements are essential for guiding professional training and experiences, especially during epidemics or health crises that impact various aspects of life. Analytically, the research focuses on a sociological approach, considering disease causes (etiology) and globalization's effects to better prevent illnesses. Healing is seen as a secondary step when preventive measures fail. Additionally, the relationship between health and nutrition is emphasized—health strongly depends on proper nutrition. Historical and current trends also play a key role. In conclusion, the study addresses health, environmental issues, and the influence of socio-cultural, economic, political, and social changes.
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    L’impact de la crise politico-institutionnelle de 2015 sur la coopération internationale au développement entre le Burundi et l'union européenne
    (UB, FSPJ, 2025-08) Butoyi, Josias; Sous la direction de : Pr. Désire Louis Nizigiyimana
    The 2015 political and institutional crisis in Burundi, triggered by the challenge to President Pierre Nkurunziza to run for a third term, profoundly disrupted the country's relations with its international partners, particularly the European Union. The period from 2015 to 2020 was marked by a major political crisis. This led the European Union to suspend part of its direct aid to the Burundian government in March 2016, in accordance with Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement, due to non-compliance with fundamental principles such as democracy, human rights, and good governance. This thesis focuses on the following question: How did the 2015 political and institutional crisis in Burundi affect development cooperation with the European Union through sanctions and the suspension of aid? The results show that the crisis led to a suspension of European Union budget support under Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement, causing a contraction in the external resources needed to implement public policies. This situation has hampered the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The Burundian government has adopted a defiant stance, rejecting Western interference and seeking to strengthen its political and economic autonomy by diversifying its partnerships, particularly with China, Russia, and certain African countries.
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    La protection des réfugiés au Burundi : les défis d’une appropriation par le droit national
    (UB, Ecole doctorale, 2023-12) Mpabansi, Pamphile
    The protection of refugees in Burundi: the challenges of appropriation by national law After nearly half a century of welcoming and protecting refugees and asylum seekers in Burundi without any national institution specifically responsible for this task, Burundi has finally set up in 2008 the National Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (ONPRA). Fourteen years after the start of its activities, the analysis of the legal framework and practice on the ground proves that the appropriation of this competence for the reception and protection of refugees and asylum seekers formerly reserved for the High Commissioner for United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) observes certain shortcomings. These shortcomings observed require reforms both at the administrative level and at the level of the legal framework. At the administrative level, such reforms are necessary with regard to finances, the training of personnel involved in the protection of these people who request international protection and asylum authorities. As for the legal framework, concrete normative measures are necessary, especially for certain provisions that do not comply with international norms and standards.
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    Analyse du niveau de performance physique des joueuses du club de netball de la Mutuelle de la Fonction Publique à Bujumbura
    (UB, IEP, 2025-09) Bivuzimana, Méthode; Sous la direction de : Dr Japhet Ndayisenga
    This research focuses on analyzing the physical performance level of female netball players from the Mutuelle de la Fonction Publique (MFP) club at Bujumbura. The main objective was to determine whether the team’s dominance in national competitions results from genuine athletic superiority or rather from the relatively low performance level of their opponents. The study involved female players aged 35 years and above. To assess their physical qualities, standardized tests were used: the Cooper test for aerobic endurance, the 20-meter sprint for speed, the T-Test for agility, and the vertical jump test for lower limb power. The findings revealed that most players demonstrated an average performance level across the majority of the tests. In the Cooper test, 60% of the players scored average, 30% good, and 10% poor. In the 20-meter sprint, 40% were average, 30% good, and 30% poor. Regarding agility, 40% achieved good results, 30% average, and 30% poor. For the vertical jump, 60% scored average, 30% poor, and only 10% good. These results indicate that the physical performance of the MFP players is generally moderate and does not align with international standards for elite female athletes. The apparent superiority of the team in national competitions seems to be explained more by team cohesion, experience, and tactical organization, as well as by the relatively weak preparation of their opponents, rather than by a clear physical advantage. This study highlights the necessity of implementing well-structured physical preparation programs to improve endurance, speed, agility, and power among players. Such measures would help to strengthen the team’s performance in a sustainable manner and contribute to the development of women’s netball in Burundi.
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    Caractérisation morphologique et anatomique et performances en vermiculture des vers de terre épigés du Burundi
    (UB, FS, 2025-04) Bankabigero, Onesphore; Sous la direction de : Dr. Kazitsa Eric Gilbert (Directeur); Prof. Bararunyeretse Prudence (Co-directeur)
    The study of the biological compatibility of earthworms is essential for the development of vermicomposting. Species compatible with vermicomposting are epigeic, ubiquitous, small in size, and reproduce rapidly (2–3 times the initial population within 30–45 days) at temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 °C on various organic substrates. They must also induce physicochemical transformations that result in vermicompost meeting international standards within 2 to 3 months. To support the development of vermiculture and vermicomposting by identifying epigeic earthworms in Burundi that are biologically compatible with this technology, we aimed to: (i) Morphologically and anatomically characterize epigeic earthworm species that demonstrate suitable body mass, survival rates, and population growth within 4 to 6 weeks of laboratory culture on sugarcane and palm oil residues at 18–32 °C; (ii) Identify those capable of inducing physicochemical changes compatible with the vermicomposting process; (iii) Determine which species can produce physicochemically compliant vermicompost within 60 days using sugarcane residues, palm oil waste, cow manure, and rumen content. Adult epigeic earthworms were collected from eight natural regions of Burundi and analyzed morphologically and anatomically in the laboratory and, too morpho - species were identified, including Eudrilus eugeniae, found in 75% of the studied regions, and two others specific to Kumoso and Buyogoma. These earthworms induced physicochemical transformations in substrates (sugarcane and palm oil residues), altering parameters such as pH, salinity, electrical conductivity, and chloride levels, and producing vermicompost enriched with macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals. The results of this study demonstrate that earthworms from various regions of Burundi are biologically suited for vermicomposting and can efficiently convert sugarcane and palm oil waste into high-quality vermicompost. These findings contribute to advancing vermicomposting technology and other vermi-based innovations in Burundi.
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    Systèmes de financement des exploitations agricoles durables et leur implication sur l’autonomisation des ménages ruraux dans la région de KIRIMIRO
    (UB, EANSI, 2025-11) Nahayo, Innocent; Sous la direction de : Dr. Ir. Ngendakumana Serge (PhD)
    Many households have land to cultivate but their capacity for self-financing is insufficient. Moreover, the implementation of farmer support methods aims to increase agricultural production, which should promote household income growth and ensure the satisfaction of their nutritional needs. The implementation of methods to support farmers aims to increase agricultural production, which should promote the growth of household incomes and ensure the fulfillment of their nutritional needs. This thesis aims to study the impact of the financing system for sustainable agricultural farms on the empowerment of rural households, as well as the factors influencing member dropout within Mutual Support and Stimulation Groups (GSEMs) in the KIRIMIRO region. The primary data come from a survey conducted in June 2025 among 260 farming households from the communes of Gitega in Gitega province, and Ndava and NYABIHANGA in Mwaro province. The target population includes both households benefiting from the Association for Peasant Dignity (ADIP) financing and those without any access to funding. The descriptive analysis considered the characteristics of the agricultural farms, while the econometric analysis was performed using two models: linear and logit. The comparison of average incomes between the two groups was carried out using SPSS and STATA software. On one hand, variables such as the mastery of credit repayment methods and the flexibility of credit significantly reduce member dropout in GSEMs at the 1% level, whereas financial difficulties and the quality of services provided by GSEMs increase dropout at the 5% level. Among the six variables included in the multiple linear regression model, three are significant at the 1% level: access to financing, income-generating activities, and farm size; while the use of organic fertilizer, agroforestry practices, and livestock ownership are significant at the 5% level. The Fisher test confirms joint significance at the 1% level. On the other hand, the analysis of the effect of access to financing on household autonomy shows that the ability to immediately pay for healthcare, the ability to promptly pay children’s school fees, the creation of income-generating activities, and agricultural income are the main indicators of autonomy among financed households.
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    Analyse des es déterminants de la politique de distribution des dividendes au sein des banques commerciales burundaises de 2018 à 2022
    (UB, FSEA, 2025-10) Mugisha, Nicole; Sous la direction de : Dr. Isaac Bizimana
    The aim of this work is to analyze the criteria of dividend distribution policy within commercial banks in Burundi. This study implies 6 Burundian commercial banks over the period 2018-2022. To make it, we used a panel data regression method. The results of the in-system GMM estimations show that the determinants of the dividend distribution policy of Burundian commercial banks are four among the variables considered. These are profitability, liquidity, indebtedness and the inflation rate. The results of this study show that profitability, liquidity have a positive and significant influence on the dividend payout ratio, while the inflation rate, indebtedness have a significantly negative impact on the dividend payout ratio. Concerning the GDP growth rate and size, the relationship is not significant.
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    Détermination de la valeur fertilisante de quelques fumiers organiques appliqués au Burundi
    (UB, FS, 2025-10) Havugiyaremye, Isaïe; Sous la direction de : Prof. Christophe Niyungeko
    Declining soil fertility in Burundi, compounded by acidity and the scarcity of mineral inputs, requires the use of organic fertilizers. This study evaluates the agronomic value of five livestock manures (goat, rabbit, pig, chicken, and cow) analyzed at the LACHISTE laboratory of the University of Burundi. The parameters studied include dry and organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, N, P, and K contents, C/N ratio, crude fiber, and fertilizer equivalent coefficient (CEE). The results reveal that chicken manure has a pH of 8.03 ± 0.05, a high dry matter (81.11 ± 0.01%) and organic matter (44.93 ± 0.02%) content, as well as a high nitrogen (1.93 ± 0.01%) and potassium (1.72 ± 0.00%) concentration. These characteristics make it a particularly effective amendment. Rabbit manure, with a pH of 10.51 ± 0.05 and an electrical conductivity of 4.36 ± 1.7 mS/cm, can, however, reduce the effectiveness of nitrogen inputs through ammonia volatilization and disrupt the soil's biological balance. All the manures analyzed have a C/N ratio between 10 and 13, indicating good mineralization, particularly rapid in the case of pig manure. Cow manure stands out for its phosphorus content (0.63 ± 0.01%), while goat manure offers a more balanced profile but is generally less nutrient-rich. Correlation analysis highlights a positive relationship between pH and electrical conductivity: an increase in pH leads to an increase in salinity. Furthermore, organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen are strongly correlated with each other, while crude fiber is inversely associated with mineral matter. Overall, chicken manure appears to be the most complete, rich in nitrogen, potassium, and organic matter, with the highest CEE (2.276). Cow manure stands out for its high content of available phosphorus (total CEE = 2.016). Pig manure has a good NPK balance (total CEE = 1.784), suitable for various crops. Goat and rabbit manures, which are less concentrated in fertilizing elements (total CEE of 1.196 and 0.640 respectively), have more limited agronomic value but remain useful as amendments to improve soil structure. Comparative application to corn and tomato confirms that chicken manure covers nutrient requirements with moderate doses (13–16 t/ha for corn, 15–20 t/ha for tomato). Pig and cow manures appear to be good alternatives (23–28 t/ha for corn, while goat and rabbit manures require a mineral supplement.
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    Disentangling Temporal Trends of Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus Transmission in Burundi
    (The JID BRIEF REPORT, 2025-09) Shihui, Jin; Et al.
    Utilizing mpox case data from Burundi between August 2024 and April 2025, we calibrated a mathematical model to quantify the temporal trends of clade Ib monkeypox virus transmission. The model outputs indicated a declining overall transmission trend. Children aged 0–4 and 5–9 years were estimated to be at higher risk of infection compared to older age groups, while sexual contact was inferred to contribute up to 50% of the overall transmission.
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    Evaluation of a health systems strengthening intervention to improve Ebola Virus Disease infection prevention and control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    (Journal of Global Health Reports Vol. 6, 2022, 2022-06) Ousman, Kevin; Thumath M, McKay G,; et al.
    The Democratic Republic of Congo declared their tenth outbreak of Ebola in North Kivu in 2018, which was the second-largest in the world and took place in an active conflict zone. Transmission of Ebola occurs by direct contact with infected bodily fluids and can occur within facilities when infection prevention and control (IPC) precautions are not strictly practised.